Experimental Investigation and Finite Element Validation of Load–Settlement Response of Square Footings on Geogrid-Reinforced Manufactured Sand Beds

Abstract

Ground improvement techniques are methods used in geotechnical engineering to make weak soil stronger and less compressible so that it can safely support structures. These methods help to increase the bearing capacity of soil and reduce both total and differential settlement. Geogrids form a very effective reinforcement system for weak soils as they add tensile strength and confinement effect. Geogrids are polymer grid elements (uniaxial, biaxial or triaxial) placed in soil so that particles interlock within their apertures, creating a composite soil–geogrid mass with higher stiffness and strength. Manufactured sand (M-sand) plays a significant role as a sustainable alternative to river sand in reinforced foundation systems. Its angularity and rough surface texture promote better mechanical interlocking with geogrid reinforcement, thereby enhancing confinement, increasing bearing capacity, and reducing settlement under static loading conditions. The present study focuses on evaluating the load–settlement response of square footings resting on geogrid-reinforced M-sand beds under static loading conditions through experimental and numerical investigation. The study aims to determine the optimum reinforcement configuration in terms of number of layers and spacing. The results are compared with Bearing capacity ratio and settlement ratio thereby establishing M-sand as a sustainable and high-performance foundation material for infrastructure applications.